Wednesday, January 30, 2013

different shades of the Finnish snow ...

There is popular belief that Eskimos have about hundred words for snow. I did small internet research on this subject and found out, that this number is vastly exaggerated.
The Eskimo languages are divided into two main groups (Yupik and Inuit) and numerous dialects.
They include many words of the same origin but in slightly modified versions within dialects, what gives impression of larger number of words than there really are.
According to Wikipedia Saami people (living in far northern parts of Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia) use about 180 words for snow and ice. Ole Henrik Magga, Professor of Saami languistics from Saami University College in Guovdageaidnu, Norway, wrote interesting article: 'Diversity in Saami terminology for reindeer and snow' (here's link). He described there in English ca.90 Saami words for snow and ice. (and ca.140 relating to reindeers).
As to the Finnish words for snow and ice, someone has already done a big work to translate many of them into English what I have copied below to present complexity of this vocabulary. (here's the link to source I got it from):  
'lumi: snow, pyry: snow shower, myräkkä: snowstorm, rae: hail, räntä: sleet, tuisku: snow shower with strong win, laviini: a small avalanche, hyhmä: snow floating atop water, loska: very wet snow; snow, water and mud mixed togethe, sohjo: slush, snow and water mixed together, ahto: pack-ica (broken & refrozen ice, ahtauma: a formation of pack-ice, jää: ice, kide: ice crystal, kohva: gray ice formed from wet snow, paanne: multi-layered ice (typically waves crash on top and freeze), railo: pressure ridge in ice, röpelö: uneven ice, tökkö: ice with frost on top, iljanne: a thin layer of snow atop ice, hanki: a even layer of snow on the ground, esp. if enough for skiin, huurre: rime; granular frost (the white stuff in your freezer), härmä: frost, kinos: snow drift; a loose pile of snow, esp. one formed by wind, kaljama: a thick layer of ice on the ground, lethal in the sprin, kuura: hoarfrost; frozen dew, nietos: a large, hard pile of snow (may be refrozen), nuoska: "snowballable" snow, usually formed when powdery snow melts a bit, polanne: a hard layer of compacted snow, tykky: large chunks of snow, esp. when frozen onto trees, viti: freshly fallen powdery snow, avanto: a hole in ice, jotos: reindeer tracks in snow, latu: a ski trail in snow, rannio: a reindeer path in deep snow.'
Additionally there are numerous words for snow and ice in Finnish dialects.
The most popular words relating to snow not listed above:
lumiukko - snowman
lumihiutale - snowflake
lumisade - snowfall
lumimyrsky -  snowstorm, blizzard
Finnish military uniforms have always included the snow version (lumipuku), nowadays Finnish Defence Forces use snow trousers and jackets. There are also snow outfits for hunters.
Some of my snowy Finnish photos are here and here

Below photo taken from our window. I wonder what would be proper word for that ...

1 comment:

  1. Mielenkiintoinen blogi sinulla ja tosi hyvin osaat Suomea(!). Tässä kuvassa taitaa sataa ns. jalkarättejä. :D

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